臨床神経学

第51回日本神経学会総会

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自己抗体と神経疾患―病態に関わる抗体の最近の動向―

田中 惠子

金沢医科大学脳脊髄神経治療学(神経内科学)〔〒920―0293 石川県河北郡内灘町大学1―1〕

Varieties of autoantibodies are known to relate to autoimmune neurological disorders as the diagnostic and therapeutic markers. Some of them affected directly to the pathomechanisms of neurological diseases. Recently several autoantibodies with such roles have been reported showing the common characters as recognizing cell surface antigens. Among them, anti-aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and anti-NMDA receptor antibody (NMDAR-Ab) in non-herpetic limbic encephalitis are drawn considerable attention. The features of NMO with AQP4-Ab are as higher age at onset, extreme women preponderance, severe optic neuritis and myelitis with longitudinary extended spinal cord lesions. AQP4-Ab binds to the astrocytic endfeet extended toward cerebrospinal fluid space or vessel wall, related to the common lesions of NMO, and passive transfer of the antibody with complements to rodents showed NMO pathology. The NMDAR-Ab related encephalitis is seen in young women having ovary teratoma showing memory and consciousness disturbances, agitation, epilepsy, respiratory failure, autonomic disorders and involuntary movements. We showed this antibody really affects to NMDAR specific signal transduction using rodent hippocampal slices with suppression of long-term potentiation induction. The discovery of newly characterized autoantibodies with relation to certain neurological diseases will be expected to expand in the future.
Full Text of this Article in Japanese PDF (212K)

(臨床神経, 50:813−815, 2010)
key words:抗アクアポリン4抗体,視神経脊髄炎,抗NMDA受容体抗体,脳症,病態モデル

(受付日:2010年5月20日)